However, ripple-based control switching dc-dc converters may suffer from fast-scale oscillation. It is known that the ripple-based control of a switching dc-dc converter benefits from a faster transient response than a conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) control switching dc-dc converter. Experimental and simulation results obtained from the polynomial control strategy are presented, analyzed, and compared with that of classical proportional-integral control. The proposed strategy is implemented on a PIC18F4431 microcontroller for two dc/dc converter topology controls.
#A k chakrabarti circuit theory pdf creator series#
The characterized packs of SCAPs include two modules of ten cells in series for each one and present a maximum voltage of 27 V. For reasons of cost and existing components (not optimized) such as batteries and semiconductors, the experimental test benches are designed in reduced scale. The proposed strategy is based on a polynomial (RST) controller. The originality of this study is focused on SCAP behavior modeling and energy management strategy.
Batteries are directly connected to the dc bus. A bidirectional dc/dc converter is used between SCAPs and the dc bus. SCAPs are dimensioned for peak power requirement, and batteries provide the power in steady state. The studied dc power supply is composed of SCAPs and batteries. This paper presents supercapacitor (SCAP) and battery modeling with an original energy management strategy in a hybrid storage technology. This review paper gives insightness for the design engineers and researchers in order to fill the research gaps associated with the SCs. Finally, the future challenges associated with the SCs are presented. Furthermore, the prominent role of SCs is highlighted with respect to the aforementioned applications. The commercially available SCs are enumerated with much more emphasis on their Figure of Merits (FOMs). The important properties and selection of the electrode and electrolyte materials are described in detail.
Hence, this paper mainly focuses on the advancements of various types of SCs along with their performance improvement methods. Therefore, the SCs are well utilized due to their dominant features such as high specific power, rapid charging-discharging rate and superior cycling life. On the other hand, this high PD feature is essential for the enhancement of dynamic performance of the system.
But, the down-side associated with them is the low power density (PD). Moreover, lithium-ion batteries and FCs are superior in terms of high energy density (ED) as compared to the SCs. Nowadays, the energy storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells (FCs) and super capacitors (SCs) are playing a key role in several applications such as power generation, electric vehicles, computers, house-hold, wireless charging and industrial drives systems. The operating frequency ranges from 1 to 2.5 kHz. This circuit topology is suited for low- and medium-voltage applications in which variable dc input source will be used to yield a constant output voltage at a constant current and also can be used in applications like mobile phones in place of battery since supercapacitor has a high rate of charging due to low equivalent series resistance values. As a result, the operation of a dc analog circuit has been shown as is being powered by supercapacitor modules. These two supercapacitor modules supply decaying input voltage to the buck converter, the output voltage of which is being regulated to a constant value by the feed-forward closed loop PWM control circuit that proportionately varies the duty ratio and amplitude of the switching pulse as a function of the time-varying input voltages across the supercapacitor modules. The load current ranges from 300 mA to 1.2 A. Extra power supply like battery has not been used in this entire circuit. In this paper, two charged supercapacitor modules of identical specification have been used as the input, as also the sole power source for a buck converter including all of its components.
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